A portrait painting is a picture of a person in which the face is the main focus of attention. Traditional easel portraits can be executed in a variety of poses, such as head-and-shoulders, half-length, or full-body. In addition, there are numerous varieties of portrait art, including: individual, group, or self portraits. In all cases, the portrait is usually specially composed, in order to depict the character and the unique attributes of the subject. Other forms of portraiture include representations of pets or animals. 1password compromised website.
Portrait art was ranked number 2 in the hierarchy of the genres (behind history painting) by the great European academies of fine art. The other types of pictures (in order of importance) were History, Genre-Works, Landscape and Still Life. The high ranking given to portraiture was because of its high human narrative content. The work was supposed to convey the 'noble' attributes of the sitter, either as an individual or a symbol of humanity.
Portrait art was practised during the earliest civilizations, as exemplified by the wonderful collection of Egyptian Fayum Mummy portraits. From the era of Renaissance art, however, the evolution of portraiture has mirrored the evolution of society in general. At first, Christian deities were the principal subjects, then Popes, Kings and Cardinals, then nobles and other important citizens. Complex rules evolved concerning pose, angle and background of the sitter, while the overall effect was progressively enhanced by the introduction of oil paint, as well as the painterly techniques of varnishing, sfumato and chiaroscuro. Increased middle-class commercial prosperity during the 17th century opened up this genre to a new range of patrons. Portraits can sometimes take considerable time. Cezanne, a notoriously slow painter, sometimes required more than 100 sittings to complete a portrait. On rare occasions, a completed canvas is completely rejected by the sitter. The portrait of Winston Churchill by Graham Sutherland was famously rejected by the sitter who kept it in storage until he died, whereupon it was destroyed.
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Famous Portrait Painters
Self portraiture, an independent artform, has been explored by nearly all portrait artists, not least as a way of honing their painterly skills. The greatest exemplars of self-portrait painting include Albrecht Durer, Rembrandt, Van Gogh, and Egon Schiele, to name but a few.